The effect of different concentrations of Cd on the active chemical compounds of the Nigella sativa L. plant

Abstract

The impact of different cadmium concentrations (0, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) on the bioactive chemical components of the Nigella sativa L. extract was examined in this study. The amount and kind of chemical components found in the plant after exposure to cadmium were found to differ significantly, according to the results. Nearly forty-three chemicals were found at a concentration of 50 mg/L. Compared to the control sample, which contained 32 of the 60 compounds found, this number dropped to 25 and 27 compounds for 10 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The content of some of the chemicals significantly decreased when exposed to cadmium, which was an intriguing finding. At a concentration of 50 mg/L, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural level dropped from 1.1114% to 0.5652%. Conversely, certain compounds exhibited increases in concentrations of cadmium. Using 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z) as an example, the concentration rose from 2.4546% in the control sample to 18.551% at 50 mg/L. On the other hand, n-hexadecanoic acid increased remarkably from 4.9558% in the control sample to 7.5414% at 50 mg/L. According to the study, these are the active molecules that vanished at different cadmium concentrations: 35 at 10 mg/L, 33 at 25 mg/L, and 17 at 50 mg/L. In comparison, 28 of the 60 detected chemicals were lost in the control sample. These results highlight the complex relationship that exists between Nigella sativa's chemical profiles and cadmium exposure.